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Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The change in the digestibility of grass over the growing season - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2019
Question 9
Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The change in the digestibility of grass over the growing season. (b) The culling of older cows fro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Give scientific explanations for any four of the following: (a) The change in the digestibility of grass over the growing season - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 9 - 2019
Step 1
The change in the digestibility of grass over the growing season.
Answer
During the growing season, the digestibility of grass changes primarily due to the plant's growth stage. Early in the season, grass is rich in soluble carbohydrates and protein, making it highly digestible. As the season progresses and the grass matures, it begins to produce more structural components like cellulose and lignin, which are less digestible. Research shows that the digestibility can drop from 80% to 50% or more after seed head formation. Furthermore, the glucose levels decrease towards the end of the season, affecting overall palatability and nutritional value.
Step 2
The culling of older cows from the dairy herd.
Answer
Culling older cows is commonly practiced due to several factors that affect milk yield and overall herd health. As cows age, there tends to be a decrease in milk production resulting from declining fertility, increased incidence of lameness or injury, and potential calving difficulties. Additionally, older cows may suffer from decreased milk quality, and an increase in health issues can lead to higher veterinary costs. Therefore, maintaining younger cows in the herd can enhance productivity and efficiency.
Step 3
A low rate of establishment of seedlings during a very wet spring.
Answer
A very wet spring can impede the establishment of seedlings due to several environmental factors. Excess moisture can lead to waterlogged soil, reducing oxygen availability to the seedlings, which is critical for root respiration and growth. Additionally, low soil temperatures during prolonged wet conditions may hinder seed germination rates. The wet conditions can also promote fungal diseases and pests, further affecting seedling establishment and overall plant health.
Step 4
The practice of hedgerow conservation on Irish farms.
Answer
Hedgerows play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and environmental health on farms. They provide shelters for livestock and crops, serve as nature corridors for wildlife, and enhance habitat connectivity. Hedgerows can also contribute to soil conservation and reduce erosion while filtering runoff. Aesthetic values are promoted by maintaining hedgerows, which can improve the visual landscape of farmland. Moreover, planting hedgerows can be included in environmental schemes or biodiversity projects, fostering ecological balance.