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Describe any three factors involved in soil formation - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2012
Question b
Describe any three factors involved in soil formation. Describe two features of a podzol soil. Regular liming of soil is a very important practice. Explain the impo... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe any three factors involved in soil formation - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2012
Step 1
Describe any three factors involved in soil formation.
Answer
Soil formation is influenced by several factors, but three key ones include:
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Parent Material: This refers to the minerals and organic matter from which the soil is developed. The type of parent material affects the soil's texture, mineral content, and fertility.
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Climate: The temperature and precipitation patterns in a region significantly influence soil development. For instance, high rainfall can lead to leaching, affecting nutrient availability.
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Living Organisms: The activities of plants, animals, and microorganisms contribute to soil formation by decomposing organic matter and mixing soil layers, enhancing fertility.
Step 2
Describe two features of a podzol soil.
Answer
Podzol soils, commonly found in cool, moist climates, exhibit distinct characteristics:
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Leached Horizon: They have a prominent leached horizon (A2 horizon) that appears lighter in color and low in minerals due to the extensive leaching of nutrients over time.
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Illuvial Horizon: The presence of a sub-layer (B horizon) enriched with iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides gives podzols their characteristic reddish or dark coloration.
Step 3
Step 4
Flocculation.
Answer
Liming also plays a significant role in flocculation, which is the process of soil particles clumping together. This improved structure leads to enhanced aeration and drainage, promoting better root growth and overall soil health. Additionally, lime can provide essential calcium ions that contribute to flocculation.
Step 5
Describe two benefits of adding farm yard manure (FYM) to the soil.
Answer
Adding farm yard manure (FYM) to the soil provides multiple benefits:
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Increases Organic Matter: FYM enhances soil structure and promotes the formation of humus, improving soil fertility and nutrient retention capabilities.
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Nutrient Supply: It serves as a source of essential nutrients, enhancing the overall nutrient profile of the soil. Furthermore, FYM can increase microbial activity, promoting a healthy ecosystem in the soil.