Explain the terms soil texture and soil structure - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2012
Question b
Explain the terms soil texture and soil structure.
Give two characteristics of each of the following soil texture types:
1. Sandy soil.
2. Loam soil.
3. Clay soil.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the terms soil texture and soil structure - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question b - 2012
Step 1
Explain the terms soil texture and soil structure.
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Answer
Soil texture refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a soil sample. It determines how the soil behaves in terms of water retention, aeration, and nutrient-holding capacity.
Soil structure, on the other hand, is the arrangement or grouping of soil particles into aggregates or clumps known as peds. It influences how water, air, and roots penetrate the soil, affecting overall soil health and fertility.
Step 2
Give two characteristics of each of the following soil texture types: 1. Sandy soil.
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Answer
Sandy soil has good drainage and aeration, allowing water to flow through it easily.
It has low inherent fertility, meaning it typically holds fewer nutrients for plant growth.
Step 3
Give two characteristics of each of the following soil texture types: 2. Loam soil.
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Loam soil has good drainage and aeration, making it fertile for plant growth.
It retains water well without becoming waterlogged, making it ideal for a variety of crops.
Step 4
Give two characteristics of each of the following soil texture types: 3. Clay soil.
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Clay soil has poor drainage and aeration, often becoming compacted.
It is difficult to till and can retain water excessively, leading to waterlogging.
Step 5
Describe an experiment to estimate the percentage clay in a soil sample.
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One effective method is the sedimentation method. First, take a known weight of soil sample and add it to a graduated cylinder with water. Stir the mixture to disaggregate the soil particles.
Let the mixture settle for a period of time. The heavier sand particles will settle at the bottom first, followed by silt, and finally the clay particles will remain suspended for the longest. Measure the layers formed after settling. Calculate the percentages of each component using the heights of the respective layers in the cylinder. This will provide a clear estimate of the clay percentage in the soil sample.
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