Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that can infect cells and cause some cancers in males and females - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 15(b) - 2020
Question 15(b)
Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that can infect cells and cause some cancers in males and females. A vaccine has been produced to prevent infection by the hum... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a virus that can infect cells and cause some cancers in males and females - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 15(b) - 2020
Step 1
From which biochemical component are viral coats made?
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Answer
Viral coats are made primarily of proteins. These proteins form a protective shell known as the capsid, which encases the viral genetic material.
Step 2
Name the other main chemical component of a virus.
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The other main chemical component of a virus is nucleic acid, which can either be DNA or RNA. This genetic material carries the information necessary for the virus to replicate.
Step 3
Why can viruses be described as obligate parasites?
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Viruses are described as obligate parasites because they cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own. They must infect a host cell in order to reproduce and replicate, as they rely on the host's cellular machinery for their life cycle.
Step 4
Describe how virus particles can infect and replicate in host cells.
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Virus particles attach to a host cell through specific receptors on the cell surface. Once attached, the virus injects its nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) into the host cell. This genetic material then takes over the host's cellular machinery to produce new viral components, which are assembled into new virus particles before being released from the cell to infect additional cells.
Step 5
Name the two types of induced immunity.
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The two types of induced immunity are Active immunity and Passive immunity.
Step 6
Which type of immunity occurs after a vaccination with the HPV vaccine?
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Active immunity occurs after vaccination with the HPV vaccine, as the vaccine stimulates the individual's immune system to produce antibodies.
Step 7
Give one difference between the types of induced immunity that you have named at (v).
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Active immunity is generally long-lasting because it involves the body's own immune response to produce antibodies, whereas passive immunity is temporary as it involves the direct transfer of antibodies from another source.
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