12. (a)
(i) What is meant by metabolism?
(ii) Give two reasons why living things need energy - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2010
Question 12
12. (a)
(i) What is meant by metabolism?
(ii) Give two reasons why living things need energy.
(b)
(i) Which biological process is represented by the following wo... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:12. (a)
(i) What is meant by metabolism?
(ii) Give two reasons why living things need energy - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2010
Step 1
What is meant by metabolism?
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Answer
Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. This encompasses both catabolic reactions, which break down molecules to release energy, and anabolic reactions, which use energy to construct cellular components.
Step 2
Give two reasons why living things need energy.
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Answer
Energy is required for maintaining homeostasis, allowing organisms to regulate their internal environment despite external changes.
Energy is necessary for growth and repair, enabling organisms to develop, reproduce, and recover from injuries.
Step 3
Which biological process is represented by the following word equation:
glucose + oxygen ⇌ carbon dioxide + water + energy?
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Answer
The biological process represented by this equation is cellular respiration. It is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Step 4
Say where in the cell Stage 1 occurs and where in the cell Stage 2 occurs.
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Answer
Stage 1 of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, while Stage 2 takes place in the mitochondria.
Step 5
Does the whole process release a large amount or a small amount of energy?
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Answer
The whole process of cellular respiration releases a large amount of energy, which is stored in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Step 6
Write a word equation to show what happens when yeast breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen.
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Answer
The word equation for fermentation in yeast is:
Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy.
Step 7
Give one industrial application of this process.
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Answer
One industrial application of fermentation is in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine, where yeast converts sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Step 8
When muscles break down glucose in the absence of oxygen, one main product is produced. Name this product.
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Answer
The main product produced when muscles break down glucose in the absence of oxygen is lactic acid.
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