12. (a) Name the major blood vessels that carry blood
1 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2020
Question 12
12.
(a) Name the major blood vessels that carry blood
1. from the heart to the lungs
2. from the lungs to the heart.
(iii) What gas is released from the bloo... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:12. (a) Name the major blood vessels that carry blood
1 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2020
Step 1
Name the major blood vessels that carry blood
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Answer
Pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs).
Pulmonary vein (carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart).
Step 2
What gas is released from the blood when it reaches the lungs?
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Answer
Carbon dioxide is released from the blood when it reaches the lungs.
Step 3
Name A, B, C, D
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Answer
A: Larynx (voice box)
B: Trachea (wind pipe)
C: Bronchus
D: Bronchiole
Step 4
D ends in a small sac. What is the name of this sac?
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Answer
Alveolus is the small sac where gas exchange occurs.
Step 5
What is the function of A?
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Answer
The function of A (larynx) is to produce sound or speech.
Step 6
B contains rings of cartilage. Suggest a function of this cartilage.
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Answer
The rings of cartilage in B (trachea) help to keep the trachea open and prevent collapse, providing structural support.
Step 7
Where is the epiglottis? What is its function?
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Answer
The epiglottis is located at the back of the throat (top of the windpipe). Its function is to prevent food from entering the trachea, thus preventing choking.
Step 8
Name the muscles that are used in breathing.
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Answer
The primary muscles used in breathing are the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
Step 9
Breathing causes pressure changes in the thoracic cavity. Describe briefly how these pressure changes are brought about.
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Answer
During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and lowers, while the intercostal muscles contract to raise the ribs. This movement increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, resulting in a decrease in pressure, allowing air to rush into the lungs. Conversely, during exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity volume to decrease, which increases pressure and pushes air out of the lungs.
Step 10
Name a breathing disorder. Give a possible cause of this disorder and suggest a means of prevention or treatment.
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Asthma is a common breathing disorder. A possible cause includes an allergic response or exposure to irritants, which leads to narrowing of the airways. To prevent or treat asthma, patients can use inhalers or avoid known allergens, and engage in exercises to improve lung function.
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