12. (a) (i) Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs by diffusion - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2020
Question 12
12.
(a) (i) Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs by diffusion. What is diffusion?
(ii) Name the blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to th... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:12. (a) (i) Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs by diffusion - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 12 - 2020
Step 1
What is diffusion?
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Answer
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, resulting in even distribution of particles.
Step 2
Name the blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
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Answer
The blood vessel that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart is the pulmonary vein.
Step 3
Name the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the left atrium.
Step 4
Identify the structures labelled A, B, C, D in the diagram.
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A = Larynx, B = Trachea, C = Bronchiole, D = Bronchus.
Step 5
What prevents structure B from collapsing?
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Structure B, the trachea, is prevented from collapsing by the presence of cartilage rings that provide structural support.
Step 6
Name a muscle that contracts during inhalation.
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The diaphragm is a muscle that contracts during inhalation.
Step 7
Describe the change in air pressure inside the chest during inhalation.
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During inhalation, the volume of the chest cavity increases as the diaphragm contracts, leading to a decrease in air pressure inside the chest, allowing air to flow in.
Step 8
Explain the terms active and passive.
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Active processes require energy to occur, such as inhalation which requires muscular effort. Passive processes do not require energy, such as exhalation which occurs when the muscles relax.
Step 9
Name each structure A and B.
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A = Villi, B = Alveolus.
Step 10
State the exact location where each structure is found in the body.
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Answer
Structure A (villi) is found in the small intestine, while structure B (alveolus) is found in the lungs.
Step 11
State two features, common to both structures, which are an adaptation to efficient exchange of materials.
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Both structures have thin walls that facilitate rapid exchange, and they have a large capillary network to provide a moist surface for efficient material exchange.
Step 12
Name a disorder of the breathing system and describe a treatment for that disorder.
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A common disorder of the breathing system is asthma. A treatment for asthma includes the use of an inhaler, which helps to open the airways and avoid allergens.
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