Explain the following terms used in cell metabolism:
(i) Enzyme
(ii) Aerobic
(iii) Fermentation - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2019
Question 13
Explain the following terms used in cell metabolism:
(i) Enzyme
(ii) Aerobic
(iii) Fermentation.
The equation below represents aerobic respiration.
Glucose + X ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the following terms used in cell metabolism:
(i) Enzyme
(ii) Aerobic
(iii) Fermentation - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2019
Step 1
Explain (i) Enzyme
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Answer
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process. They are typically proteins that lower the activation energy required for reactions.
Step 2
Explain (ii) Aerobic
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Aerobic processes require oxygen to function. In cellular respiration, aerobic processes use oxygen to convert glucose into energy.
Step 3
Explain (iii) Fermentation
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Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen, thus known as anaerobic respiration.
Step 4
Name the gas X
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The gas X is Oxygen.
Step 5
Name a process that produces gas X
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The process that produces gas X is Photosynthesis.
Step 6
Name the gas Y
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The gas Y is Carbon dioxide.
Step 7
Name a process, other than aerobic respiration, that produces gas Y
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Gas Y is produced by Burning or anaerobic respiration.
Step 8
Name the locations in the cell for stage 1 and for stage 2
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Answer
Stage 1 occurs in the Cytoplasm, while Stage 2 takes place in the Mitochondria.
Step 9
Which stage produces the larger amount of energy?
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Stage 2 produces the larger amount of energy.
Step 10
Which stage requires gas X from the equation above?
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Stage 2 requires gas X.
Step 11
Give a role for the energy produced by the cell
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The energy produced by the cell is used for processes such as Protein synthesis or cell division.
Step 12
Name two selectively permeable membranes in cells
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Cell membrane and chloroplasts are examples of selectively permeable membranes.
Step 13
What is meant by the term diffusion?
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Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Step 14
What is meant by the term osmosis?
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Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution.
Step 15
Which letter A, B, C, or D, shows the cell when turgid?
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Letter A shows the cell when turgid.
Step 16
What process has caused the appearance of the cell at D?
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The process that caused the appearance of the cell at D is Plasmolysis, which occurs when the cell lost water.
Step 17
Why are these foods treated in this way?
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These foods are treated with high salt or sugar concentrations to preserve them by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Step 18
How does this treatment work?
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This treatment works because microorganisms lose water through osmosis in a high salt or sugar environment.
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