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Write notes on each of the following topics - Leaving Cert Biology - Question (b) - 2013
Question (b)
Write notes on each of the following topics. You are required to make a minimum of three points concerning each topic. Marks will not be given for word diagrams alon... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write notes on each of the following topics - Leaving Cert Biology - Question (b) - 2013
Step 1
Metabolism.
Answer
Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical reactions that occur within a cell or organism. These reactions are primarily controlled by enzymes.
- Catabolism: This aspect of metabolism involves breaking down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing energy in the process. For example, the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration.
- Anabolism: Conversely, this is the process where smaller molecules are assembled into larger biomolecules. An example includes the synthesis of proteins from amino acids.
- Energy Transfer: Both catabolic and anabolic processes are vital for maintaining energy balance within the cell, enabling various functions and activities.
Step 2
Krebs Cycle.
Answer
The Krebs Cycle, also known as the Citric Acid Cycle, takes place in the mitochondria and is a crucial part of cellular respiration.
- Aerobic Respiration: This cycle occurs when oxygen is present, where Acetyl Co-enzyme A enters the cycle and is oxidized.
- Energy Production: The cycle generates energy in the form of ATP, along with the production of NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain.
- CO2 Production: As a byproduct of the reactions, carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced, which is eventually expelled from the organism.
Step 3
ADP.
Answer
ADP stands for Adenosine di-phosphate, which is a crucial molecule in cellular energy metabolism.
- Low Energy Molecule: ADP is considered a low-energy molecule compared to ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), which is often referred to as the cell's energy currency.
- Formation: ADP is formed when one phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy that can be utilized for various biological functions.
- Energy Recharging: By adding a phosphate group back to ADP, ATP can be regenerated, thus continuously fueling cellular activities.