Answer the following questions in relation to the human alimentary canal - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 6 - 2004

A low pH in the stomach is important as it enables the activation of digestive enzymes, such as pepsin, which are essential for the breakdown of proteins. Additionally, the acidic environment helps to kill pathogens that may be ingested with food, thus protecting the body from infections.

Fibre is important because it aids in digestion by promoting regular bowel movements and preventing constipation. It also helps to maintain a healthy gut microbiome and can assist in regulating blood sugar levels and lowering cholesterol.

The enzyme that is involved in the digestion of fat is lipase.

The products of fat digestion are primarily fatty acids and glycerol. These molecules are released during the breakdown of triglycerides by lipase.

The role of bile in fat digestion is to emulsify fats, which means it breaks down large fat globules into smaller ones. This increases the surface area for lipase to act upon, enhancing the digestion process.

Beneficial bacteria in the alimentary canal play a crucial role in digestion by aiding in the breakdown of indigestible carbohydrates, producing vitamins such as vitamin K, and inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens.