Humans are heterotrophic and omnivorous - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2015
Question 11
Humans are heterotrophic and omnivorous. Explain each of these terms.
What is meant by a balanced diet?
Draw a large diagram of the human alimentary canal and its ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Humans are heterotrophic and omnivorous - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2015
Step 1
Heterotrophic and Omnivorous
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Answer
Heterotrophic organisms cannot synthesize their own food and must consume organic substances for energy, which means they rely on other organisms for nourishment. In contrast, omnivorous organisms consume a mixed diet of plant and animal materials. This versatility in diet supports a broader nutritional intake, allowing omnivores to adapt to various environments.
Step 2
What is meant by a balanced diet?
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A balanced diet is one that provides all the essential nutrients the body needs to function optimally. This includes appropriate proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. It is crucial for maintaining health, supporting growth and development, and preventing nutrient deficiencies.
Step 3
1. Two associated glands
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Label the liver (G) and salivary glands (G) on the diagram.
Step 4
2. Two parts of the small intestine
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Label the duodenum (S) and ileum (S) on the diagram.
Step 5
3. Two parts of the large intestine
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Label the colon (L) and rectum (L) on the diagram.
Step 6
1. What is lipase?
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Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lipids (fats and oils) into glycerol and fatty acids, facilitating their digestion and absorption in the body.
Step 7
2. Give one part of the alimentary canal that secretes lipase
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Lipase is secreted in the stomach or the duodenum.
Step 8
3. What is the approximate pH at the site of lipase action?
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The approximate pH at the site of lipase action in the stomach is less than 7 (acidic), while in the duodenum, it is around 7-9 (neutral to slightly alkaline).
Step 9
1. Write the dental formula for an adult human
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The dental formula for an adult human is 2:1:2:3/2:1:2:3. This indicates 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars in each quadrant.
Step 10
2. Give one difference between the dental formula and the tooth arrangement
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Humans have fewer incisiors (or fewer canines) compared to the mammal shown, which may have more incisors or canines.
Step 11
3. What type of food do you think is mainly consumed by the mammal?
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The mammal likely consumes meat or flesh or other animals. This can be inferred from the presence of sharp or pointed canines, which are adapted for tearing flesh.
Step 12
Give two functions of the large intestine
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The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes, as well as the storage and excretion of waste. It also plays a role in the fermentation of undigested material by gut bacteria.
Step 13
Outline two beneficial functions of the bacteria in the digestive tract
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Bacteria in the digestive tract help in the production of vitamins, such as vitamin K and certain B vitamins, and they assist in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates that the human body cannot digest, thereby aiding in nutrient absorption and overall gut health.
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