Answer any two of (a), (b), (c) - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 14 - 2019
Question 14
Answer any two of (a), (b), (c).
(a) (i) The diagram shows parts of the human central nervous system and some related structures.
In your answer book, match each of... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer any two of (a), (b), (c) - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 14 - 2019
Step 1
(i) The diagram shows parts of the human central nervous system and some related structures.
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Answer
Match the parts as follows:
A: Cerebellum
B: Cerebrum
C: Pituitary gland
D: Medulla oblongata
E: Spinal cord
F: Hypothalamus
Step 2
1. Give a function of the medulla oblongata.
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Answer
The medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions such as breathing (for heart function) or regulating digestion, coughing, swallowing, and even blood pressure.
Step 3
2. Give a function of the cerebellum.
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Answer
The cerebellum regulates voluntary movements and is essential for coordinating posture, balance, walking, and fine muscle movements.
Step 4
1. Why is grey matter so called?
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Answer
Grey matter is composed of cell bodies of neurons, which gives it a grey appearance.
Step 5
2. Why is white matter so called?
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Answer
White matter is composed of myelin sheaths surrounding the axons, which gives it a whitish appearance.
Step 6
What is meant by the term endocrine?
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Answer
Endocrine refers to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or lymph, rather than through ducts.
Step 7
1. Name a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
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Answer
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is an example of a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
Step 8
2. Give a function of this hormone in the human body.
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Answer
ADH regulates water retention in the kidneys, helping to maintain the body's fluid balance.
Step 9
Name one gland in the human body that has both endocrine and exocrine function.
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Answer
The pancreas has both endocrine functions (like insulin secretion) and exocrine functions (like digestive enzyme secretion).
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