The diagram shows a cross section of the spinal cord along with some neurons from the peripheral nervous system - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2021
Question c
The diagram shows a cross section of the spinal cord along with some neurons from the peripheral nervous system.
(i) Name the tissue labelled X which covers and pro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram shows a cross section of the spinal cord along with some neurons from the peripheral nervous system - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2021
Step 1
Name the tissue labelled X which covers and protects the spinal cord.
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Answer
The tissue labelled X is known as the meninges, which are protective membranes surrounding the spinal cord.
Step 2
What is a reflex action?
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A reflex action is an automatic (or involuntary) response to a stimulus that does not involve conscious thought.
Step 3
Give one example of a reflex action in the human body.
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One example of a reflex action is blinking in response to a bright light.
Step 4
Give one advantage of a reflex action.
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An advantage of a reflex action is that it provides protection from danger, enabling quick reactions to harmful stimuli.
Step 5
Using the labels from the diagram, describe in detail how a reflex action works.
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A stimulus is detected by the receptor (indicated in the diagram).
An impulse (or message) is sent along Neuron B (the sensory neuron).
This impulse passes to Neuron C (the inter-neuron) in the spinal cord (or grey matter).
The impulse then travels to the effector (indicated in the diagram).
Finally, the effector reacts to the stimulus, resulting in a response.
Step 6
Give two ways in which a nervous response differs from a hormonal response.
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Nervous responses are typically fast, while hormonal responses are slower.
Nervous responses are electrical in nature, whereas hormonal responses are chemical and tend to be longer-lasting.
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