Many characteristics are passed on to children by their parents - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2010
Question 11
Many characteristics are passed on to children by their parents.
(i) Give one example of an inherited human characteristic.
(ii) Give one example of a non-inherite... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Many characteristics are passed on to children by their parents - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2010
Step 1
(i) Give one example of an inherited human characteristic.
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Answer
An example of an inherited human characteristic is eye colour.
Step 2
(ii) Give one example of a non-inherited human characteristic.
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An example of a non-inherited human characteristic is the ability to roller skate.
Step 3
(iii) Which structures in sperm and egg nuclei are responsible for biological inheritance?
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The structures responsible for biological inheritance in sperm and egg nuclei are chromosomes or genes, specifically DNA.
Step 4
(b) (i) Which fur colour, black or white, is recessive in these cats?
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In these cats, the recessive fur colour is white.
Step 5
(b) (ii) Using capital letters for dominant and lower case letters for recessive, give: 1. The genotypes of the parent cats. 2. The genotype of the kittens.
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The genotypes of the parent cats are: (Black parents): BB and (White parents): bb.
The genotype of the kittens is Bb.
Step 6
(b) (iii) Is the genotype of the kittens referred to as homozygous or heterozygous?
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The genotype of the kittens is referred to as heterozygous.
Step 7
(b) (iv) Give a reason for your answer to part (iii).
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The reason is that the kittens have two different alleles (B and b) for the trait.
Step 8
(b) (v) In relation to fur colour, what will be the genotypes of the gametes that these kittens will produce?
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The genotypes of the gametes that these kittens will produce will be B and b.
Step 9
(b) (vi) What are alleles?
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Alleles are different forms of the same gene or gene B.
Step 10
(c) (i) Name the bases numbered 1 and 2 in the diagram above.
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The base numbered 1 is Thymine (T) and the base numbered 2 is Cytosine (C).
Step 11
(c) (ii) Protein synthesis involves both transcription and translation. Where in a cell does transcription occur?
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Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.
Step 12
(c) (iii) What type of RNA is involved in transcription?
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The type of RNA involved in transcription is messenger RNA (mRNA).
Step 13
(c) (iv) In what organelle does translation occur?
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Translation occurs in the ribosome.
Step 14
(c) (v) Name the small biomolecules that are joined together to make a protein.
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The small biomolecules that are joined together to form a protein are amino acids.
Step 15
(c) (vi) Give one function of proteins in living organisms.
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One function of proteins in living organisms is to catalyze biochemical reactions as enzymes.
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