10. (a) Explain the following terms used in genetics:
(i) Chromosome - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 10 - 2015
Question 10
10.
(a) Explain the following terms used in genetics:
(i) Chromosome.
(ii) Homozygous.
(iii) Phenotype.
(b) (i) Genetic engineering involves the followin... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:10. (a) Explain the following terms used in genetics:
(i) Chromosome - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 10 - 2015
Step 1
Explain the following terms used in genetics: (i) Chromosome.
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Answer
A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins, which carries genes. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and play a crucial role in the organization and expression of genetic information.
Step 2
Explain the following terms used in genetics: (ii) Homozygous.
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Answer
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene. This means that an organism has inherited the same version of a gene from both parents, which can result in a specific phenotype that reflects that genetic makeup.
Step 3
Explain the following terms used in genetics: (iii) Phenotype.
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The phenotype is the observable physical appearance or expression of an organism's genotype. It encompasses traits such as color, shape, and size that result from the interaction of the organism's genetic makeup and its environment.
Step 4
Rewrite these steps, placing them in the correct order: (i)
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Answer
Isolation
Cutting
Transformation
Expression
Step 5
In the process of genetic engineering the DNA has to be cut. What is used to cut the DNA? (ii)
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DNA is cut using enzymes known as restriction enzymes. These enzymes recognize specific sequences on the DNA and cleave the strands, which is essential for manipulating the genetic material in genetic engineering.
Step 6
During the isolation step, what is taken out of the cell? (iii)
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During the isolation step, the DNA is extracted from the cell. This typically involves breaking down cellular membranes and separating the DNA from proteins and other cellular components.
Step 7
Give two examples of the use of genetic engineering. (iv)
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Bacteria engineered to produce insulin for diabetes treatment.
Genetically modified crops such as Bt corn, which are engineered to be resistant to certain pests.
Step 8
Genotypes of parents:
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Pink (RW) × (WW)
Step 9
Possible gametes:
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(R) × (W)
Step 10
Genotypes of offspring:
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Answer
(RW) (WW)
Step 11
Matching phenotypes of offspring:
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Answer
Pink, White
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