10. Explain the following terms as used in genetics:
(i) Heterozygous - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 10 - 2014
Question 10
10. Explain the following terms as used in genetics:
(i) Heterozygous.
(ii) Sex chromosome.
(iii) Diploid.
(b) In cats, black coat colour (B) is dominant to whit... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:10. Explain the following terms as used in genetics:
(i) Heterozygous - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 10 - 2014
Step 1
Heterozygous.
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Answer
Heterozygous refers to a genetic condition where an individual has two different alleles for a specific gene, such as one dominant allele and one recessive allele.
Step 2
Sex chromosome.
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Sex chromosomes are chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism; in humans, these are typically referred to as X and Y chromosomes.
Step 3
Diploid.
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Diploid describes a cell or organism that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, commonly represented as 2n.
Step 4
The genotype of each parent cat.
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The genotype of the white cat is bb (homozygous recessive), while the genotype of the heterozygous black cat is Bb (heterozygous).
Step 5
The genotype(s) of the gametes produced by each parent.
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The white cat (bb) can only produce b gametes. The heterozygous black cat (Bb) can produce two types of gametes: B and b.
Step 6
The genotypes and the matching phenotypes of the kittens produced by the cross.
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The possible offspring genotypes from the cross of Bb and bb are Bb (black) and bb (white). The offspring would have matching phenotypes of black (for Bb) and white (for bb) kittens.
Step 7
On which structure in the diagram are the genes located?
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The genes are located on the chromosomes shown in the diagram.
Step 8
How many cells are formed when a cell divides by mitosis?
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When a cell divides by mitosis, two identical daughter cells are formed.
Step 9
Name the other type of cell division.
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The other type of cell division is called meiosis.
Step 10
What is the purpose of mitosis in single-celled organisms?
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The purpose of mitosis in single-celled organisms is for reproduction, allowing them to divide and create identical offspring.
Step 11
Name a single-celled organism.
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An example of a single-celled organism is Amoeba.
Step 12
Which genetic structure changes when a mutation occurs?
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The gene or DNA sequence is the genetic structure that changes when a mutation occurs.
Step 13
What is meant by genetic screening?
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Genetic screening refers to the process of testing individuals for the presence of specific genes or mutations associated with diseases or conditions.
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