(a) (i) Explain the terms haploid and diploid - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2020
Question 11
(a) (i) Explain the terms haploid and diploid.
(ii) Name the type of cell division that halves the chromosome number. (9)
(b) Chromosomes contain DNA. Name another... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:(a) (i) Explain the terms haploid and diploid - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2020
Step 1
Explain the terms haploid and diploid.
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Answer
Haploid refers to a single set of chromosomes, which means that cells contain one copy of each chromosome. This is commonly found in gametes, such as sperm and egg cells. On the other hand, diploid refers to two sets of chromosomes, meaning that cells have pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent. This is typical in somatic cells of an organism.
Step 2
Name the type of cell division that halves the chromosome number.
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Answer
Meiosis is the type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of haploid cells from diploid cells.
Step 3
Name another substance found in chromosomes.
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Answer
Another substance found in chromosomes is protein.
Step 4
What is the function of a gene?
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Genes function as codes for the production of proteins, which are responsible for various traits and functions within an organism.
Step 5
Describe the shape of a DNA molecule.
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The DNA molecule has a double helix shape, resembling a twisted ladder. This structure consists of two strands that coil around each other.
Step 6
Name the base that combines with adenine in DNA.
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The base that pairs with adenine in DNA is thymine, represented as 'T'.
Step 7
Name the base that combines with guanine in DNA.
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Answer
The base that pairs with guanine in DNA is cytosine, represented as 'C'.
Step 8
Rewrite these stages (1-4), by numbering them in the correct order in which they occur
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The correct order of the stages is:
Cells are broken down to release DNA.
DNA strands are cut into fragments.
Fragments are separated on the basis of size.
The pattern of fragment distribution is analysed.
Step 9
Where in cells is most DNA located?
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Most DNA is located in the nucleus of the cell.
Step 10
What is used to cut the DNA strand into fragments?
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Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA strands into fragments.
Step 11
Suggest a reason for creating a genetic profile.
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Creating a genetic profile can be used for paternity testing or forensic investigations to identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns.
Step 12
Name the dominant allele in this cross.
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The dominant allele in this cross is 'B'.
Step 13
Name the recessive allele in this cross.
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The recessive allele in this cross is 'b'.
Step 14
How many alleles for coat colour may be found in a single gamete?
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There is 1 allele for coat colour that may be found in a single gamete.
Step 15
What word is used to describe identical alleles in a genotype?
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The word used to describe identical alleles in a genotype is 'homozygous'.
Step 16
State the genotype and phenotype for the offspring missing from the shaded box above.
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The genotype for the missing offspring is 'bb', and the phenotype is 'white'.
Step 17
If the black dog is male, give the sex chromosomes of the black dog and the sex chromosomes of the white dog.
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If the black dog is male, its sex chromosomes would be 'XY', while the white dog would have the sex chromosomes 'XX'.
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