Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Question 13
Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides.
Draw and label the structure of any one nucleotide.
(b) The diagram illustrates some of the events of pro... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 13 - 2022
Step 1
What is the name of process K that results in the formation of molecule L?
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Answer
The name of process K is Transcription, which is the process where the DNA sequence is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Step 2
Name molecule L.
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Molecule L is mRNA, or messenger RNA.
Step 3
Using this sequence, write out in order the complementary sequence of bases found in molecule L.
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The complementary sequence of bases for the given sequence ACGTGC TGA is UGCA C G A C U.
Step 4
Give the name of the opening through which molecule L leaves organelle J.
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The opening through which molecule L leaves organelle J is called the Nuclear Pore.
Step 5
Identify structure M.
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Structure M is Ribosome.
Step 6
Name the main molecule from which structure M is made.
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The main molecule from which structure M is made is rRNA, or ribosomal RNA.
Step 7
Describe the events that occur at structure M, which allow the production of a functioning protein.
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At structure M (the ribosome), the mRNA binds to the ribosome, which then assembles amino acids into a polypeptide chain. The ribosome reads the codons (triplet) on the mRNA, matching them to the corresponding tRNA carrying amino acids. This process continues, facilitating the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, leading to the production of a polypeptide. Once complete, the polypeptide folds into a functional protein.
Step 8
Draw two chromosome diagrams (one for each parent) showing the position of each of the alleles on the chromosomes.
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The chromosome diagrams would show one parent with alleles F and J (homozygous dominant) represented on their respective chromosomes. The other parent would show f and d (homozygous recessive).
Step 9
Using a Punnett square, or otherwise, describe the result of this cross.
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Using a Punnett square to cross FJ with fd results in all offspring being heterozygous (Ff and Jd), expressing yellow fruit and dish-shaped fruit. This cross ends up showing that all offspring will exhibit the dominant traits due to the presence of at least one dominant allele for each trait.
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