11. (a) (i) Give a source of evidence for evolution - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2013
Question 11
11.
(a) (i) Give a source of evidence for evolution.
(ii) Briefly outline the evidence from the source referred to in (i).
(b) Human males and females differ in o... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:11. (a) (i) Give a source of evidence for evolution - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2013
Step 1
Give a source of evidence for evolution.
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Answer
A source of evidence for evolution can be fossils, which provide a record of past life forms and their changes over time.
Step 2
Briefly outline the evidence from the source referred to in (i).
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Fossils indicate how species have changed over time, showing gradual modifications and adaptations that relate to environmental conditions. For example, the existence of transitional fossils highlights the evolutionary links between different species.
Step 3
What name is given to this pair of chromosomes?
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Answer
The pair of chromosomes that differ between human males and females are known as heterosomes or sex chromosomes.
Step 4
Draw this pair of chromosomes for a human male and for a human female and label them appropriately.
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Answer
For a human female, the chromosomes are represented as:
X X
For a human male, the chromosomes are represented as:
X Y
Step 5
Using the chromosomes referred to in part (b) (ii), show, using a Punnett square or otherwise, that a child stands an equal chance of being male or female.
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Using a Punnett square, we can represent the combinations of gametes:
X X
-------------
X | XX | XX |
Y | XY | XY |
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This shows that there are equal chances (50%) of having a male (XY) or a female (XX) child.
Step 6
What is meant in genetics by the term sex linkage?
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Sex linkage refers to the association of certain genes with the sex chromosomes (X or Y) in determining specific traits and characteristics. Traits linked to these chromosomes tend to exhibit different patterns of inheritance based on the sex of an individual.
Step 7
Name two common sex-linked traits.
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Answer
Two common sex-linked traits are:
Hemophilia
Color blindness
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