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Write notes on three of the following - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2006
Question c
Write notes on three of the following. (i) Menstruation and a disorder of menstruation. (ii) Biological benefits of breastfeeding. (iii) Survival times for sperm an... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Write notes on three of the following - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2006
Step 1
Menstruation and a disorder of menstruation.
Answer
Menstruation is the process in which the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, is shed when there is no fertilization of an egg. This cycle typically occurs every 28 days and involves hormonal changes, primarily due to fluctuations in levels of estrogen and progesterone. A common disorder associated with menstruation is endometriosis, where the endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, leading to pain, irregular bleeding, and in some cases, infertility.
Step 2
Biological benefits of breastfeeding.
Answer
Breastfeeding provides numerous biological benefits, including optimal nutrition for the infant, as breast milk contains the right balance of nutrients an infant needs for growth and immune support. Breastfeeding helps in the development of the baby's immune system due to the presence of antibodies and other immunological factors. Additionally, it fosters a bond between the mother and child, supports healthy weight management for the mother, and reduces the risk of certain cancers and conditions in both mother and child.
Step 3
Formation and functions of the placenta.
Answer
The placenta forms from the tissues of the embryo and the uterine wall, establishing a connection critical for fetal development. It is connected to the embryo via the umbilical cord and serves as a site for nutrient and gas exchange, protecting the fetus from infections and assisting in waste elimination. The placenta also produces hormones essential for maintaining pregnancy and promoting fetal growth.