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(i) Distinguish clearly between antibodies and antibiotics by writing a note about each - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2013
Question c
(i) Distinguish clearly between antibodies and antibiotics by writing a note about each. (ii) In relation to antibodies, distinguish between active and passive immu... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:(i) Distinguish clearly between antibodies and antibiotics by writing a note about each - Leaving Cert Biology - Question c - 2013
Step 1
Distinguish clearly between antibodies and antibiotics by writing a note about each.
Answer
Antibodies
Antibodies are specialized proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens, such as pathogens or infections. They work by recognizing specific foreign substances, binding to them, and neutralizing them or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms or synthesized in labs that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms, primarily bacteria. They do not affect viruses and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Step 2
In relation to antibodies, distinguish between active and passive immunity.
Answer
Active Immunity
Active immunity occurs when the antibodies are produced by the individual’s own immune system in response to an infection or vaccination. This process takes time to develop but leads to long-lasting protection.
Passive Immunity
Passive immunity is when antibodies are given to an individual from an external source, such as maternal antibodies transferred to a baby through breast milk, or immunoglobulin treatments. This provides immediate protection but is temporary, as the body does not produce these antibodies itself.
Step 3
Using your knowledge of antibiotics and bacteria, suggest why a person is more likely to pick up an infection in hospital than at home.
Answer
In hospitals, patients may encounter antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria, which are more pathogenic and can cause severe infections. The presence of more people, especially weakened patients, along with generally poorer hygiene practices in certain areas of healthcare settings, further increases the risk of infection compared to a home environment.