The diagram shows the structure of a virus such as COVID-19 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 5 - 2021
Question 5
The diagram shows the structure of a virus such as COVID-19.
(a) Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?
(b) Identify the two parts labelled A and B... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram shows the structure of a virus such as COVID-19 - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 5 - 2021
Step 1
Why are viruses not considered to be living organisms?
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Answer
Viruses are not considered living organisms because they do not possess the characteristics of life. They cannot carry out metabolic processes on their own and require a host cell to replicate. Additionally, they lack cellular structure, containing only genetic material and a protein coat.
Step 2
Identify the two parts labelled A and B that are found in all viruses.
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Answer
A. Protein or capsid
B. DNA or RNA (nucleic acid)
Step 3
Describe one way viruses may be spread from person to person.
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Viruses can be spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.
Step 4
State one way the body can defend itself against viruses.
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The body can defend itself against viruses using the immune system, which includes barriers such as skin or mucus, as well as white blood cells that attack and destroy infected cells.
Step 5
Give one way in which viruses are beneficial.
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Viruses can be beneficial in vaccine production, cancer research, or as bacteriophages that target and kill bacteria, helping to control bacterial populations.
Step 6
Explain why viruses are described as obligate parasites.
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Viruses are described as obligate parasites because they can only replicate inside a living host cell. They depend entirely on the cellular machinery of their host for reproduction and survival.
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