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Explain the ‘hierarchy of needs’ developed by Maslow in his theory of motivation - Leaving Cert Business - Question 4 (B) - 2018
Question 4 (B)
Explain the ‘hierarchy of needs’ developed by Maslow in his theory of motivation. Discuss possible limitations of this theory of motivation.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the ‘hierarchy of needs’ developed by Maslow in his theory of motivation - Leaving Cert Business - Question 4 (B) - 2018
Step 1
Explain the ‘hierarchy of needs’ developed by Maslow in his theory of motivation.
Answer
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory that breaks human needs into five categories, structured in a pyramid form. Each category must be satisfied before individuals can progress to higher levels:
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Physical Needs: This includes basic necessities such as food, shelter, and warmth. Employers can ensure these needs are met by providing fair wages, housing benefits, and necessary supplies for work.
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Safety Needs: Once physical needs are fulfilled, individuals seek safety and security. Employers can help satisfy this need by providing stable work contracts, health insurance, and a safe working environment with appropriate safety gear.
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Social Needs: This tier encompasses the desire for belonging and friendship. Employers can foster this need by promoting teamwork, facilitating social interactions, and offering flexible work hours that allow time with family and friends.
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Esteem Needs: These involve the desire for recognition and respect from others. Employers can meet esteem needs by acknowledging employees' contributions, offering promotions, and providing opportunities for professional development.
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Self-actualization Needs: At the top tier, individuals seek personal growth and fulfillment. Employers can encourage self-actualization by providing opportunities for creativity, personal projects, and career advancement.
Each need must be met in sequence; once one need is satisfied, individuals can focus on the next level.
Step 2
Discuss possible limitations of this theory of motivation.
Answer
Despite its influence, Maslow's theory has several limitations:
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Lack of Empirical Support: Research has not consistently supported the specific hierarchical ordering Maslow proposed. Different individuals may prioritize needs differently, making the hierarchy less universally applicable.
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Cultural Differences: The theory may not account for cultural variations in motivation, as different societies may prioritize social or esteem needs differently than Maslow suggests.
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Fixed Hierarchy: The notion that needs must be satisfied in a strict order has been criticized. Individuals can pursue higher-level needs (like esteem) even if some lower-level needs (like social needs) remain unmet.
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Neglects Other Factors: Maslow’s theory primarily focuses on internal needs, overlooking external motivators such as job rewards, organizational structure, and social dynamics that can influence motivation.
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Oversimplification: The model simplifies human motivation, which is complex and can vary greatly between individuals based on personal experiences and circumstances.