Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 5 - 2008
Question 5
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.
(i) Copy the following table into your answer book and fill in the missing information.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 5 - 2008
Step 1
(i) Copy the following table into your answer book and fill in the missing information.
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Answer
Relative mass
Relative charge
Location
Proton
1
+1
nucleus
Neutron
1
0
nucleus
Electron
1/1836
-1
electron cloud
Step 2
(ii) What information about subatomic particles is given by the atomic number of an element?
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Answer
The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons present in the nucleus. This number also represents the nuclear charge of the atom, as each proton carries a positive charge. In a neutral atom, the atomic number also reflects the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
Step 3
(iii) Define electronegativity.
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Answer
Electronegativity is defined as the relative measure of the attraction of an atom for a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond. It essentially quantifies how strongly an atom attracts the bonding electrons.
Step 4
(iv) How are electronegativity values used to predict the type of bonding present in a compound?
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Answer
Electronegativity values help determine the type of bond in a compound based on the differences between the bonding atoms. If the difference is low, the bond is typically covalent. A moderate difference indicates a polar covalent bond, while a high difference suggests an ionic bond, where electrons are transferred rather than shared.
Step 5
(i) What type of chemical bond is found between the fluorine atoms in a fluorine molecule?
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Answer
The bond between the fluorine atoms in a fluorine molecule (F₂) is a pure covalent bond, formed by the equal sharing of electrons.
Step 6
(ii) Name another type of chemical bond formed by fluorine.
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Answer
Another type of chemical bond formed by fluorine is an ionic bond.
Step 7
(iii) Give an example of a compound in which fluorine forms this type of bond.
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Answer
An example of a compound in which fluorine forms an ionic bond is sodium fluoride (NaF).
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