5. (a) Define (i) atom, (ii) molecule.
(b) Atoms are made up of the subatomic particles protons, neutrons and electrons.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:5. (a) Define (i) atom, (ii) molecule - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 5 - 2012
Step 1
Define (i) atom
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Answer
An atom is the smallest part of an element or a tiny particle of matter. It consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
Step 2
Define (ii) molecule
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A molecule is a group of two or more atoms combined (bonded) together. It represents the smallest part of a substance that can exist independently.
Step 3
Fill in the table
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PARTICLE
RELATIVE MASS
RELATIVE CHARGE
LOCATION
electron
0.0005 to 0.00056
-1
cloud / shell
neutron
1
0
nucleus
proton
1
+1
nucleus
Step 4
What does this tell you about the composition of the H nuclei?
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Answer
This indicates that the hydrogen nucleus contains one proton and no neutrons, which is characteristic of the most common isotope of hydrogen.
Step 5
In terms of their subatomic particles, state similarities and differences
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Similarities: 1. Both carbon-12 and carbon-14 have 6 protons. 2. Both have the same chemical properties as they are isotopes of carbon.
Difference: Carbon-12 has 6 neutrons, while carbon-14 has 8 neutrons.
Step 6
What was his name?
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The scientist who discovered the atomic nucleus is Ernest Rutherford.
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