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Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question c - 2010
Question c
Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question c - 2010
Step 1
sigma (σ) covalent bonding
Answer
Sigma bonding involves the head-on (or end-on) overlap of atomic orbitals. This type of bond is characterized by the electron density concentrated along the axis connecting the two bonded nuclei. Sigma bonds can be formed between various types of orbitals, including s-s, s-p, and p-p orbitals, leading to single bonds in molecules.
Step 2
pi (π) covalent bonding
Answer
Pi bonding, on the other hand, involves the lateral (or sideways) overlap of p orbitals. The electron density in pi bonds is located above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonded atoms. Pi bonds usually accompany sigma bonds in double and triple bonds, providing additional bonding strength.