Photo AI
Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question d - 2016
Question d
Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Distinguish between sigma (σ) and pi (π) covalent bonding. - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question d - 2016
Step 1
Sigma (σ) covalent bonding
Answer
Sigma (σ) bonds are formed by the head-on (end-on) overlap of atomic orbitals. This type of bonding allows for a strong and stable interaction between atoms, as the electron density is concentrated along the axis connecting the two nuclei. Sigma bonds can occur between various types of orbitals, including s-s, s-p, and p-p orbitals. This overlap results in a bond that allows for free rotation around the bond axis.
Step 2
Pi (π) covalent bonding
Answer
Pi (π) bonds are formed by the lateral (sideways) overlap of p-orbitals. Unlike sigma bonds, pi bonds do not allow for free rotation since the electron density is located above and below the bond axis. This type of bonding typically occurs in conjunction with sigma bonds in double and triple bonds, contributing to the overall strength and character of the bond.