Carbon exists in different physical forms (allotropes), e.g - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question B - 2014
Question B
Carbon exists in different physical forms (allotropes), e.g. diamond. Part of the structure of diamond, a covalent macromolecular crystal, is shown on the right.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:Carbon exists in different physical forms (allotropes), e.g - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question B - 2014
Step 1
What particles occupy the lattice points in diamond crystals?
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Answer
The lattice points in diamond crystals are occupied by carbon atoms. Diamond has a tetrahedral structure where each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms.
Step 2
Name another physical form (allotrope) of carbon.
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Answer
Another physical form (allotrope) of carbon is graphite. Other examples include buckminsterfullerene, charcoal, and graphene.
Step 3
What particles occupy the lattice points in sodium chloride crystals?
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Answer
In sodium chloride crystals, the lattice points are occupied by positive ions (Na extsuperscript{+}) and negative ions (Cl extsuperscript{-}).
Step 4
What are the binding forces in a sodium chloride crystal?
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The binding forces in a sodium chloride crystal are ionic bonds. These are electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions.
Step 5
What technique is used to study the internal structures of crystals?
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The technique used to study the internal structures of crystals is X-ray analysis. This method involves directing X-rays at a crystal and analyzing the diffraction pattern to determine the arrangement of atoms within the crystal.
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