Diamond and graphite are macromolecular crystalline forms of carbon - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question A - 2010
Question A
Diamond and graphite are macromolecular crystalline forms of carbon. Explain in terms of bonding
(i) the hardness of diamond,
(ii) why graphite is soft and can be ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Diamond and graphite are macromolecular crystalline forms of carbon - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question A - 2010
Step 1
(i) the hardness of diamond
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Answer
Diamond is composed of carbon atoms that are arranged in a tetrahedral structure. Each carbon atom forms strong covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms. This robust bonding creates a very hard material as the extensive network of covalent bonds results in strong interatomic forces.
Step 2
(ii) why graphite is soft and can be used as a lubricant
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Answer
Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Within each layer, the carbon atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds, but the interactions between these layers are much weaker due to van der Waals forces. This allows the layers to slide over each other easily, making graphite soft and effective as a lubricant.
Step 3
(iii) the electrical conductivity of graphite
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Graphite has delocalised electrons that are free to move along the planes of carbon atoms. This property allows graphite to conduct electricity, as the delocalisation of electrons facilitates the flow of charge.
Step 4
What type of bond joins the carbon atoms in these ‘bucky balls’?
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The carbon atoms in bucky balls are joined by covalent bonds.
Step 5
What was the surname of the father and son who pioneered this technique?
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Answer
Bragg
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