Leaving Cert Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Consider compounds A, B, C and D

Question

Consider compounds A, B, C and D, all of which have molecules of similar size and mass.

A

butane

M = 58

b.p. = 1 to 1 °C

B

propane-1-ol

M = 58

b.p. = 97 to 98 °C

C

propanal

M = 60

b.p. = 46 to 50 °C

D

ethanoic acid

M = 60

b.p. = 118 to 119 °C

(a) (i) Draw structures to show all the bonds in molecules of B and C.

(ii) Which one of the four compounds contains only one tetrahedrally bonded carbon atom in its molecules?

(b) Propan-2-ol and B are structural isomers. B is a primary alcohol.

(i) Explain the underlined terms.

(ii) C and another compound E are structural isomers. Draw a structure for E.

(iii) Give the IUPAC name for E.

(c) Explain clearly why:

(i) the boiling point (b.p.) of propanal is much higher than that of butane,

(ii) the b.p. of ethanoic acid is higher than that of propan-1-ol.

(d) What is the organic product of the reaction of C with acidified dilute KmnO4?

(e) Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs between sodium and B.

Consider compounds A, B, C and D, all of which have molecules of similar size and mass - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 8 - 2018