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Answer any two of the parts (a), (b) and (c) - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 10 - 2013
Question 10
Answer any two of the parts (a), (b) and (c). (a) Distinguish between intramolecular bonding and intermolecular forces. (7) (b) Explain each of the following in te... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Answer any two of the parts (a), (b) and (c) - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 10 - 2013
Step 1
Distinguish between intramolecular bonding and intermolecular forces.
Answer
Intramolecular bonding refers to the forces that hold atoms together within a molecule. These bonds can include ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds, which involve the sharing or transfer of electrons. In contrast, intermolecular forces are the interactions that occur between molecules. These include Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding, which are significantly weaker than intramolecular bonds.
Step 2
Explain the boiling point of hydrogen (20 K) is significantly lower than that of oxygen (90.2 K).
Answer
The low boiling point of hydrogen is attributed to the fact that it has fewer electrons, leading to weak London dispersion forces between the molecules. In contrast, oxygen has stronger intermolecular attractions due to its greater number of electrons and the presence of dipole-dipole interactions, which raise its boiling point significantly.
Step 3
Explain why iodine has a very low solubility in water.
Answer
Iodine is a non-polar covalent molecule, which means it does not interact favorably with polar solvents like water. Intermolecular forces (attractions) between iodine molecules are very weak, making it insoluble in water. The lack of interactions between iodine and water contributes to its low solubility.
Step 4
Explain why the stream of water is deflected when a charged rod is held close to it.
Answer
When a charged rod is placed close to a stream of water, it induces a charge separation within the water molecules (which are polar). The positive end of water tends to be attracted to the negatively charged rod (or vice versa), resulting in a deflection of the water stream due to the interaction between the charged rod and the dipole of the water molecules.