Study the reaction scheme below in which compound Y is produced by the reaction of compound X with water - Leaving Cert Chemistry - Question 8 - 2021

Y is classified as a secondary alcohol because the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl (-OH) group is attached to two other carbon atoms, making it secondary.

Z is propan-2-one, commonly known as acetone.

The expanded molecular structure for Y (propane-2-ol) can be represented as follows:

   H   H   H
   |   |   |
H--C--C--C--OH
   |   |   |
   H   H   H

In this structure, the -OH bond is created when Z is reduced, with the carbon atom in Z forming two new bonds with hydrogen and the hydroxyl group.

The geometry around the carbon atoms in Z changes from trigonal planar to tetrahedral during the reduction reaction. The sp² hybridization in Z converts to sp³ hybridization as new bonds are formed with hydrogen and the hydroxyl group.

The type of reaction involved in the conversion of X to Y is an addition reaction, specifically hydration.

Another product of the reaction of X with water is propanol.

The balanced equation for the reaction of Y (propane-2-ol) with sodium is:

This reaction indicates that the -OH functional group is an alcohol group that can react with metals like sodium, suggesting its reactivity and confirming that it is a characteristic feature of alcohols.

Given a hand sanitizer labeled 70% (v/v) isopropyl alcohol, we can calculate the molarity as follows:

1. For 100 cm³ of solution, there are 70 cm³ of isopropyl alcohol.
2. The molar mass of isopropyl alcohol (C₃H₈O) is about 60.1 g/mol.
3. Thus, the amount in grams is:

$70 ext{ cm}^3 imes 0.8 ext{ g/cm}^3 = 56 ext{ g}$ 4. Therefore, the moles of isopropyl alcohol is:

rac{56 ext{ g}}{60.1 ext{ g/mol}} = 0.93 ext{ moles} 5. Therefore, the concentration is:

rac{0.93 ext{ moles}}{0.1 ext{ L}} = 9.3 ext{ M}

The most influential type of intermolecular force in Z (isopropyl alcohol) is dipole-dipole interactions, along with hydrogen bonding due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). These interactions significantly contribute to the physical properties of the substance.