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Explain how the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be monitored and predicted. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2013
Question C
Explain how the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be monitored and predicted.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can be monitored and predicted. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2013
Step 1
Monitoring Earthquakes
Answer
Earthquakes can be monitored using various technologies. Seismographs are instruments that measure the intensity, duration, and the direction of seismic waves. By placing these instruments at various locations, scientists can detect and record earthquakes as they occur, providing real-time data on seismic activities.
In addition to seismographs, GPS stations are installed in many regions to detect tectonic plate movements, which can indicate the likelihood of future earthquakes. Using this data, researchers can create detailed maps that show where stress is accumulating in the Earth's crust.
Step 2
Predicting Earthquakes
Answer
Predicting earthquakes remains a challenging task. However, researchers analyze historical earthquake data, focusing on patterns of previous seismic activity to assess risks for future occurrences. While precise predictions are not possible, identifying fault lines and areas with frequent seismic activity can enhance preparedness for potential earthquakes.
Step 3
Monitoring Volcanic Eruptions
Answer
Monitoring volcanic eruptions involves the use of several techniques. Volcanologists utilize seismometers to detect minor earthquakes related to magma movement. Additionally, gas emissions from a volcano, such as sulfur dioxide, are continuously monitored, as changes in gas composition can indicate an impending eruption.
Satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies are also valuable in monitoring thermal activity and changes in the volcanic structure, providing comprehensive data for risk assessment.
Step 4
Predicting Volcanic Eruptions
Answer
The prediction of volcanic eruptions can often be achieved through the analysis of various signs, including increased seismic activity, gas emissions, and land deformation (ground swelling). By integrating data from these monitoring tools, scientists can issue warnings and develop evacuation plans to ensure public safety prior to an eruption.