Define and name an example of each of the volcano types listed below: - Active volcano - Dormant volcano - Extinct volcano - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2015

A dormant volcano is one that has not erupted in a long time but could potentially erupt again in the future. An example of a dormant volcano is Mount St. Helens in the United States.

An extinct volcano is one that is not expected to erupt again in the future. An example of an extinct volcano is Ben Nevis in Scotland.

Volcanoes occur due to the movement of tectonic plates and the resultant geological activity beneath the Earth's surface. Steps involved in volcanic activity include:

1. Magma Formation: When tectonic plates pull apart (divergent boundaries) or collide (convergent boundaries), pressure and temperature rise in the mantle, causing rocks to melt and form magma.

2. Magma Accumulation: This magma rises through cracks and weaknesses in the Earth's crust. If sufficient pressure builds up, it can cause an eruption.

3. Eruption: When the pressure becomes too great, the magma erupts through the surface, resulting in a volcanic eruption. The eruption can be explosive or effusive, depending on the viscosity of the magma and gas content.

4. Volcanic Products: During an eruption, various materials such as lava, ash, and gases are expelled, contributing to the formation of volcanic landforms.

5. Post-Eruption Activity: After the eruption, the volcano may go dormant or continue to show activity. Continued activity can lead to the growth of new volcanic structures over time.

Understanding these processes helps us predict and prepare for potential volcanic eruptions.