Describe and explain the impact of the burning of fossil fuels on the environment. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2009

The two most common fossil fuels are coal and oil.

The combustion of fossil fuels releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄), into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat in the earth's atmosphere, leading to an increase in global temperatures—a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.

In addition to greenhouse gas emissions, burning fossil fuels also releases harmful pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and particulate matter. These pollutants can contribute to poor air quality, which poses serious health risks, including respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.

Moreover, the extraction and burning of fossil fuels can lead to environmental degradation. For instance, coal mining can result in habitat destruction, while oil spills can devastate marine ecosystems.

From an economic perspective, reliance on fossil fuels can lead to fluctuating fuel prices, impacting energy costs globally. However, transitioning to renewable energy sources can mitigate these economic fluctuations and issues caused by fossil fuel dependency.

In summary, while the burning of fossil fuels supports energy production and economic activity, it has profound adverse effects on the environment and public health, necessitating a shift towards more sustainable energy practices.