C. Colonialism (i) Name one developing economy that was colonised - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2015

Colonialism had profound effects on Nigeria, both positive and negative. Here are some key points:

Economic Disruption

Colonial rule disrupted traditional economic structures. Local industries were undermined as colonial powers prioritized the extraction of raw materials for export while introducing cash crops, leading to a dependency on a limited range of exports.

Social Changes

Colony-induced changes in social structures led to the erosion of local traditions. Education was introduced, but primarily to create a workforce for colonial administration, often disregarding indigenous knowledge systems.

Political Consequences

The imposition of foreign governance systems created political instability post-independence. Artificial borders drawn by colonial powers led to ethnic tensions and conflicts that continue to affect Nigeria today.

Infrastructure Development

Some infrastructure, such as roads and railways, was developed, but primarily to facilitate the movement of goods to export ports rather than to benefit the local economy or connect communities effectively.

Cultural Impact

Colonialism also resulted in cultural changes, including the introduction of Western education and religion, which altered local belief systems and traditions, sometimes leading to cultural homogenization.

Overall, while colonialism brought some infrastructure improvements, its long-term effects on Nigeria often resulted in economic challenges, social fragmentation, and political unrest.