C. Colonialism – Developing Economy (i) Name one developing economy which has been colonised - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2017

Colonialism has left a profound impact on India, influencing various aspects of its economy:

1. Economic Structure: Colonial rule established a structure primarily geared toward the extraction of resources, leading to a lack of industrial development during British rule.

2. Agricultural Changes: The introduction of cash crops resulted in the neglect of food production, causing food insecurity and famine.

3. Infrastructure Development: Railways and roads were built, mainly to facilitate resource extraction, which changed the transportation landscape but often neglected rural needs.

4. Fiscal Policies: Colonial taxes and land revenue systems negatively impacted local farmers and led to widespread agrarian distress.

5. Labor Exploitation: Many Indians were subjected to exploitative labor practices, working long hours for low wages, impacting their living conditions.

6. Trade Imbalance: Colonial policies created a trade imbalance favoring Britain, leading to economic dependency.

7. Cultural Impact: Colonialism also imposed Western education and cultural values, which altered traditional practices and social structures.

8. Economic Disparity: Colonial rule exacerbated economic disparities, leading to a wealthy elite class while the majority remained impoverished.

9. Post-Colonial Challenges: The legacy of colonialism continues to affect India, contributing to challenges in governance, social equality, and economic reform.