Examine, with reference to examples you have studied, how conflict often occurs between the need to exploit natural resources and the need to protect the environment. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question Question 1 - 2007

1. Example 1: Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest The Amazon rainforest is often exploited for timber and agricultural land, leading to significant environmental degradation. Indigenous communities are displaced, and biodiversity is threatened. The clash between economic development and environmental protection is evident here.

2. Example 2: Oil Extraction in the Niger Delta In Nigeria, the demand for oil has led to its extensive extraction in the Niger Delta. This exploitation has caused severe pollution and conflict with local communities, which rely on clean water and healthy ecosystems for their survival.

The examination of this conflict reveals various social, economic, and environmental impacts:

• Economic Benefits vs. Environmental Costs: The immediate economic benefits of resource extraction often overshadow long-term environmental consequences.
• Policy and Governance Issues: Lack of effective governance can exacerbate conflicts, as regulations may prioritize economic gain over ecological sustainability.
• Social Justice and Inequality: Marginalized communities often bear the brunt of environmental degradation without adequate compensation or support.
• Climate Change: Resource extraction contributes to climate change, creating a broader conflict as communities face the impacts of environmental changes.
• Sustainable Development: The push for sustainable development solutions often lies in finding a balance between exploitation and conservation, which is a complex challenge.