Economic Activity - Conflict Examine how conflict may arise between the exploitation of natural resources and the need to protect the environment, with reference to example(s) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2016

Conflicts often arise when the economic interests in exploiting natural resources clash with the imperative to protect the environment. These conflicts can be seen in various scenarios:

Resource Exploitation vs. Environmental Conservation

1. Case Study: Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest

   • The Amazon rainforest is a vital ecosystem that supports immense biodiversity. However, the need for agricultural land and timber has led to extensive deforestation.
   • This situation creates conflict as economic activities from logging and farming threaten habitats, while environmentalists advocate for preservation.

2. Case Study: Oil Extraction in the Niger Delta

   • The local communities in the Niger Delta face significant health issues and loss of livelihood due to oil spills from extraction activities.
   • While the extraction is economically beneficial, it causes severe environmental degradation, leading to ongoing conflict between local communities and oil companies.

Exploitation Impact and Responses

• These examples illustrate the ongoing struggle between economic exploitation and environmental sustainability. While economic growth often relies on resource exploitation, the consequent environmental degradation prompts calls for stricter regulation and protection measures.
• To mitigate this conflict, stakeholders, including governments, companies, and communities, must engage in dialogue to balance economic interests with environmental stewardship.