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Describe and explain changing patterns of migration in Ireland since 1950. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question Question 1 - 2020
Question Question 1
Describe and explain changing patterns of migration in Ireland since 1950.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe and explain changing patterns of migration in Ireland since 1950. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question Question 1 - 2020
Step 1
Changing patterns identified
Answer
Since 1950, patterns of migration in Ireland have shifted dramatically.
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Emigration: Initially, large-scale emigration was prevalent due to economic hardships. Between the 1950s and 1980s, many young people left Ireland in search of better opportunities abroad, particularly in the UK and the United States.
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Returns and Immigration: The late 1990s and early 2000s saw a reversal, with many returning emigrants and an influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe, particularly after EU enlargement in 2004. This marked a new era of multiculturalism in Ireland.
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Recent Trends: In the last decade, patterns have become more complex, with skilled professionals immigrating for job opportunities in tech and other growing industries, while some have also emigrated again due to housing crises and economic uncertainties.
Step 2
Examination of the changes
Answer
The changes in migration patterns reflect broader socioeconomic trends in Ireland.
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Economic Factors: Migration patterns were largely dictated by economic conditions. After World War II, Ireland faced high unemployment, incentivizing emigration. Conversely, the economic boom from the late 1990s created jobs that attracted both returning emigrants and new immigrants.
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Social Factors: Changes in social attitudes towards immigration, particularly regarding cultural diversity, have facilitated a welcoming environment for new migrants.
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Policy Changes: Legislation around immigration and citizenship has evolved, impacting the flow of people. For example, the introduction of work permits for non-EU citizens has made it easier for skilled workers to settle in Ireland.
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Demographics: An aging population has also prompted a need for younger workers, influencing current immigration policies to attract younger migrants.
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Impact of Global Events: Globalization and events such as the financial crisis of 2008 have led to fluctuating migration trends, as they affect job availability and economic stability in Ireland.
In conclusion, the shifting patterns of migration in Ireland since 1950 are a response to complex interplays of economic, social, and political factors.