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Dynamics of Population Examine how changing fertility and mortality rates impact on population structure with reference to example(s) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2017
Question B
Dynamics of Population Examine how changing fertility and mortality rates impact on population structure with reference to example(s) that you have studied.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Dynamics of Population Examine how changing fertility and mortality rates impact on population structure with reference to example(s) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2017
Step 1
Impact of Changing Fertility Rates
Answer
Changing fertility rates directly influence the composition and age structure of a population. For instance, a decline in fertility rates often leads to an aging population, reducing the proportion of younger individuals. This shift can create challenges in labor markets and increased dependency ratios. In many Western countries, such as Japan and Germany, declining fertility has resulted in higher proportions of elderly individuals, impacting social services and healthcare demand.
Step 2
Impact of Changing Mortality Rates
Answer
Mortality rates affect population structure by altering life expectancy and age distribution. As healthcare improves and mortality rates decline, populations tend to age, with a larger proportion of the population living into old age. For example, in many developing countries, decreasing mortality rates due to better healthcare have led to a significant increase in the older population, requiring adaptation in infrastructure and services.
Step 3
Example of Where Impacts Occur
Answer
A pertinent example of these impacts can be observed in sub-Saharan Africa, where changing mortality rates due to advancements in medical care have led to increased life expectancy. Coupled with high fertility rates, this creates a youthful population structure that presents both opportunities and challenges in education and employment sectors.
Step 4
Discussion on Changing Fertility and Mortality Rates
Answer
Overall, the interplay between changing fertility and mortality rates is pivotal in shaping population structure. The examination of these rates reveals the necessity for comprehensive policy planning to address the implications of these demographic shifts. Therefore, strategies must focus on balancing these rates to foster sustainable economic and social systems.