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Irish Migration Describe and explain changes in patterns of migration to and from Ireland over time. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2016
Question B
Irish Migration Describe and explain changes in patterns of migration to and from Ireland over time.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Irish Migration Describe and explain changes in patterns of migration to and from Ireland over time. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2016
Step 1
Changing pattern to Ireland identified
Answer
Throughout history, migration to Ireland has evolved significantly. In the pre-20th century period, particularly during the Great Famine (1845-1852), many Irish individuals emigrated, primarily to the United States and other countries, seeking better opportunities. Over time, from the late 20th century onwards, there has been a noticeable shift where migration patterns began to change, with an influx of migrants coming to Ireland from various parts of Eastern Europe, Africa, and Asia due to economic opportunities and Ireland's growing economy. This trend has also been augmented by Ireland's EU membership, making it a more attractive destination for immigrants.
Step 2
Changing pattern from Ireland identified
Answer
Conversely, migration from Ireland saw a marked increase in the 19th and early 20th centuries, dominated by the diaspora seeking better livelihoods abroad, especially in North America. In recent decades, particularly during the 1980s economic downturn, many young Irish people left for opportunities in the UK, Australia, and the United States. However, from the late 1990s into the 21st century, this trend reversed somewhat as economic conditions stabilized in Ireland, leading to a decrease in emigration and a population growth instead.
Step 3
Description/Explanation
Answer
The migration patterns to and from Ireland have been influenced by various socio-economic factors. Economic hardship, such as the famine and recessions, drove many to seek lives elsewhere, while periods of economic growth saw immigrants flock to Ireland. Furthermore, political changes such as the peace process in Northern Ireland have created more stability, encouraging a diverse range of migrants to settle in Ireland. The implications of these patterns include a more multicultural society in modern Ireland, as well as the challenges of integration and socio-economic disparity between different groups, as seen in urban areas. Understanding these changes helps in comprehending Ireland's current social landscape.