Examine how ethnic and religious issues can arise as a result of migration, with reference to example(s) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2013

The Rohingya migration highlights significant religious issues, as the community faces systemic discrimination due to their Muslim faith in a largely Buddhist country. This conflict has led to widespread violence and a humanitarian crisis.

Migration can exacerbate ethnic and religious tensions for various reasons:

1. Cultural Friction: Migrants often carry their ethnic identities into new areas, which can lead to cultural friction with native populations. For example, the Rohingya's Muslim identity clashes with the Buddhist majority, causing resentment and violence in communities where they seek refuge.

2. Competition for Resources: As migrants arrive, they may compete for limited resources such as jobs and housing. In Bangladesh, the influx of Rohingya has strained local resources and generated animosity between local and migrant populations.

3. Political Manipulation: Ethnic and religious identities can be politicized, leading to discrimination and conflict. In some regions, political leaders exploit existing tensions for electoral gains, which can escalate violence.

4. Social Segregation: Migrants may form enclaves characterized by their ethnic background, which can lead to social segregation and further marginalization. This segregation intensifies misunderstanding and conflict between different groups.

5. Identity Crisis: Migrants may face an identity crisis, influencing their integration into the host society. For instance, the struggles of Rohingya individuals in Bangladesh often lead to feelings of alienation, as they may not fully belong to either their home or host community.

6. Religious Persecution: The risk of religious persecution rises when migrant identities are perceived as threats due to differing beliefs. The Rohingya face not just ethnic cleansing but also targeted religious violence.

In sum, migration has the potential to incite ethnic and religious issues through cultural friction, competition for resources, political manipulation, social segregation, identity crises, and religious persecution. Addressing these issues requires comprehensive strategies that promote tolerance and understanding.