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Describe and explain the causes of overpopulation. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 11C - 2019
Question 11C
Describe and explain the causes of overpopulation.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe and explain the causes of overpopulation. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 11C - 2019
Step 1
Identify causes of overpopulation
Answer
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High Birth Rates: In many regions, cultural or economic factors contribute to higher birth rates. Families often have more children for labor support or due to a lack of access to contraception.
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Decreased Mortality Rates: Advances in healthcare, nutrition, and sanitation have significantly lowered mortality rates, allowing populations to grow rapidly.
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Migration: Movements of people from rural to urban areas or across borders can lead to localized overpopulation, straining resources in those regions.
Step 2
Explain high birth rates
Answer
High birth rates often stem from sociocultural beliefs that favor larger families. In many communities, children are viewed as an economic asset, helping in labor-intensive tasks and providing security for parents in old age. Additionally, limited access to education and family planning resources perpetuates high birth rates, creating a cycle of overpopulation.
Step 3
Explain decreased mortality rates
Answer
The significant decline in mortality rates can be attributed to improved medical care, advancements in vaccines, and enhanced public health policies. As a result, more children survive to adulthood, boosting population numbers. This phenomenon is often seen in countries undergoing economic development, where health improvements are not immediately matched by family planning efforts.
Step 4
Explain migration
Answer
Migration leads to overpopulation in specific areas, particularly urban regions, where job opportunities attract individuals from rural areas. This influx can overwhelm local infrastructure, housing, and services, resulting in overcrowded living conditions and increased demand for resources. Urban areas often face challenges like inadequate sanitation and transportation, exacerbating the impacts of overpopulation.