Describe and explain Central Place Theory with reference to example(s) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 10C - 2022

Central Place Theory (CPT), developed by Walter Christaller in 1933, attempts to explain the spatial arrangement, size, and number of human settlements. This theory posits that urban centers (central places) serve as 'hubs' providing goods and services to surrounding areas.

Key Concepts

1. Central Places: These are settlements providing services to their surrounding hinterland. The size and number of central places depend on the demand for goods and services within a region.

2. Threshold Population: This is the minimum market size required for a service to be viable. For example, a supermarket needs a certain number of customers to remain profitable.

3. Range: This defines the maximum distance consumers are willing to travel for a particular good or service. Higher-order goods (like luxury items) have a larger range compared to low-order goods (like groceries).

Example

Consider the case of Newtown, a small urban center that offers various services including grocery stores, schools, and pharmacies. Its central location allows the surrounding rural population to access these services easily, reflecting CPT principles. In contrast, Big City, situated farther away, serves as a higher-order center, providing specialized services like hospitals and universities, attracting consumers from a larger area.

Diagram

A valid diagram illustrating the hierarchy of settlements can enhance the explanation. You could label different tiers of urban centers, demonstrating their range and threshold populations.