Migration – Rural to Urban (i) State two reasons why people migrate from rural areas to urban areas - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 10B - 2021

The migration of people from rural to urban areas leads to several significant effects:

1. Population Growth: Urban areas experience an increase in population density, which can lead to overcrowding. This can strain existing infrastructure, such as transportation and housing.

2. Economic Growth: An influx of workers can stimulate economic growth by increasing the labor force and potentially leading to higher productivity in urban centers.

3. Cultural Diversity: Urban areas become melting pots of cultures as migrants bring their traditions, languages, and customs, which can enhance social dynamism but may also lead to cultural clashes.

4. Pressure on Services: The increased demand for services such as healthcare, education, and housing can result in shortages and higher costs, challenging local governments to find effective solutions.

The migration of individuals from rural areas can have several observable impacts:

1. Population Decline: With a significant number of individuals leaving, rural areas face depopulation, leading to an aging population remaining behind. This can have long-term social implications as fewer young people are available to support the elderly.

2. Economic Impact: The departure of working-age individuals can weaken local economies, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and loss of skills, as those who leave may be the most skilled members of the community.

3. Reduced Services: As populations shrink, rural areas may struggle to maintain essential services such as schools and healthcare facilities, which can lead to further outmigration.

4. Cultural Erosion: The migration may also lead to a loss of local culture and traditions, as younger generations leave and the connection to historical practices and community bonding diminishes.