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Give an account of how atmosphere-ocean phenomena (e.g - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 23 - 2017
Question 23
Give an account of how atmosphere-ocean phenomena (e.g. pressure, temperature, wind and humidity) are measured and examine the importance of such measurements.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Give an account of how atmosphere-ocean phenomena (e.g - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 23 - 2017
Step 1
How pressure is measured
Answer
Atmospheric pressure is typically measured using a barometer. A mercury barometer consists of a glass tube filled with mercury, inverted into a dish of mercury. The height of the mercury column indicates atmospheric pressure. An aneroid barometer, on the other hand, uses a sealed metal box that expands and contracts with pressure changes. These measurements are crucial for forecasting weather patterns.
Step 2
How temperature is measured
Answer
Temperature can be measured using thermometers. Common types include liquid-in-glass thermometers, digital thermometers, and infrared thermometers. The data collected from temperature measurements help in understanding heat exchange processes in the atmosphere and oceans, affecting climate models and weather predictions.
Step 3
How wind is measured
Answer
Wind speed and direction are measured using anemometers and wind vanes, respectively. An anemometer typically consists of cups that rotate with the wind, and the speed is calculated based on the rotation speed. These measurements are important for understanding storm systems and for aviation safety.
Step 4
How humidity is measured
Answer
Humidity is measured using hygrometers, with common types being psychrometers and capacitive hygrometers. A psychrometer consists of two thermometers—one dry and one wet—to measure the moisture in the air. Humidity measurements are crucial in understanding condensation processes, precipitation, and overall climate dynamics.
Step 5
Importance of these measurements
Answer
The measurements of atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind, and humidity are critical for weather forecasting, climate research, and understanding oceanic phenomena. Reliable data helps in disaster management, agriculture, and environmental monitoring, facilitating planning and mitigation measures against adverse weather conditions.