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Examine how desertification and conservation have impacted on soil characteristics. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2013
Question 16
Examine how desertification and conservation have impacted on soil characteristics.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Examine how desertification and conservation have impacted on soil characteristics. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2013
Step 1
Identifying Aspect 1: Impact of Desertification on Soil Quality
Answer
Desertification leads to the degradation of soil by reducing its organic matter content, nutrient levels, and water retention capacity. As vegetation cover diminishes, soil erosion increases due to wind and water, leading to the loss of topsoil which is crucial for fertility. This process can create arid landscapes where the soil becomes largely unproductive.
Step 2
Identifying Aspect 2: Impact of Desertification on Soil Structure
Answer
Soil structure is adversely affected by desertification as compaction and crusting occur. The absence of organic matter makes the soil less porous, affecting infiltration rates and leading to increased surface runoff. Crusting can also impede seed germination and root penetration, thus further diminishing soil health.
Step 3
Identifying Aspect 3: Impact of Conservation Practices
Answer
Conservation practices, such as contour plowing and crop rotation, can improve soil characteristics significantly. These methods help maintain soil structure, reduce erosion, and enhance organic matter content. For instance, cover cropping can prevent nutrient leaching and promote biodiversity in soil organisms, which are essential for sustainable soil health.
Step 4
Identifying Aspect 4: Role of Conservation in Soil Moisture Retention
Answer
Conservation strategies also focus on enhancing soil moisture retention. Practices like mulching and the use of organic amendments can increase soil permeability and water holding capacity. This is crucial in arid regions where moisture stress can lead to desertification, thereby improving the viability of land for agriculture.