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Examine the influence of mineral matter, air, water and organic matter on soil development. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2015
Question 16
Examine the influence of mineral matter, air, water and organic matter on soil development.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Examine the influence of mineral matter, air, water and organic matter on soil development. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2015
Step 1
Influence of Mineral Matter
Answer
Mineral matter is a crucial component of soil, providing essential nutrients for plant growth. It typically consists of weathered rock particles that contribute to the soil structure, texture, and drainage capabilities. The presence of minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, and calcium can enhance soil fertility. Furthermore, mineral matter influences the soil's pH, which in turn affects nutrient availability and microbial activity.
Step 2
Influence of Air
Answer
Air is essential for soil development, particularly for the respiration of plant roots and soil organisms. The balance of air and water in the soil affects its aeration and moisture retention properties. Good aeration is necessary for aerobic bacteria and other soil fauna that break down organic matter. Poorly aerated soils can lead to anaerobic conditions, adversely affecting plant health and soil processes.
Step 3
Influence of Water
Answer
Water is vital for all soil processes, acting as a solvent for nutrients and a medium for the biochemical reactions that support plant growth. It influences soil structure and compaction, affecting both drainage and moisture retention. Water availability can determine the types of vegetation supported by the soil, thereby influencing organic matter accumulation and decomposition.
Step 4
Influence of Organic Matter
Answer
Organic matter, derived from decomposed plant and animal material, plays a significant role in soil health. It enhances the soil's nutrient and water-holding capacity and provides a habitat for a diverse community of soil organisms. Organic matter also improves soil structure, helping to maintain aeration and infiltration rates. The presence of organic matter is critical for the formation of humus, further enhancing the soil's fertility and stability.