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Views of development and underdevelopment are subject to change - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 14 - 2018
Question 14
Views of development and underdevelopment are subject to change. Discuss this statement with reference to contrasting approaches to development.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Views of development and underdevelopment are subject to change - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 14 - 2018
Step 1
Identify the contrasting approaches to development
Answer
The views of development and underdevelopment can be understood through various theoretical lenses. Two contrasting approaches include the Modernization theory and Dependency theory.
Modernization theory posits that development is a linear process where societies advance from traditional to modern states. It emphasizes economic growth, technological advancement, and improved living standards. On the other hand, Dependency theory challenges this notion, arguing that underdevelopment is often a consequence of historical exploitation, where wealthier countries maintain their dominance over poorer nations through unequal relationships.
Step 2
Discuss the impact of these approaches on views of development
Answer
As societies evolve, so do the interpretations of development. Modernization theory, prevalent in the mid-20th century, viewed development in a positive light, focusing on the potential for countries to advance through internal reforms. However, criticisms arose regarding its ethnocentric perspective and failure to acknowledge external influences.
Dependency theory, gaining traction in the 1960s and beyond, provides a counter-narrative by suggesting that external factors, particularly colonial histories and global capitalism, play a crucial role in perpetuating underdevelopment. This shift in perspective has led to a re-evaluation of development strategies, urging a more equitable approach to global relationships.
Step 3
Analyze the implications of changing views on development and underdevelopment
Answer
The evolution of these views has significant implications for policy-making and international relations. As perspectives shift, development policies increasingly focus on sustainable development and inclusive growth, recognizing the need for collaboration rather than competition.
Moreover, the growing emphasis on local knowledge and alternative development paths challenges the traditional Western-centric models, leading to diverse approaches tailored to specific societal needs. This dynamic landscape illustrates that views of development and underdevelopment are indeed subject to change, influenced by historical, social, and political contexts.